(S.S.T) Political Science Chapter 3 (Constitutional Design) Class 9th NCERT (NOTES)

 Political Science CH-3 (NOTES)

In this we learn about the freedom struggle of the South African Republic, How Nelson Mandela played the most important role in the history of South Africa, How a country which was discriminated every time showed the entire world that how generous they are.Other than that we will learn about the struggle by India for making the Indian Constitution as India was also captured by the Brithishers/ The East India Company and how the Company rule made this making of constitution more difficult. Detailed Notes are given bellow:

• Nelson Mandela: A nationalist leader who fought against racial discrimination / (Apartheid Regime) started by the whites of Europe (same as in India)
• Now, what was "Apartheid"

Apartheid was the system of racial discrimination especially for the natives living in South Africa or the blacks.This practice was introduced by the Whites of Europe.

Nelson Mandela

• How did these Europeans entered South Africa

Just like the Europeans who entered India, In South Africa during the 17th Century the 'so called trading companied came in South Africa to trade'. But the whites came and introduced the Apartheid Regime which divided the whites and the blacks. This was based on race of people.Since the 1950's , The natives of South Africa and India fought against the discrimination. ANC was and organization which  fought against these types of practices in South Africa.

• Now, what was ANC

ANC stands for African National Congress this was an umbrella organization. This organization led protests against the apartheid regime, many whites were also joined this organization.

• April 26 1994: New flag of Republic of South Africa was hoisted and the apartheid came to an end
• Now, when South Africa's Free people demanded the that the country should have equality. So, the party that led the freedom struggle  sat together to draw up a Constitution.

After 2 years the party came up with one of the finest constitution that saw everybody as equal citizens . South Africa till 1994 was seen as the worst country but now it became a model for the rest of the world.

Why does a country need Constitution?

Ans: Now, we know that a democratic country is incomplete without a constitution, but why?. See the people need some securities because only faith isn't enough the people will think that any ruling party could exploit the rights of citizens. So to ensure that these rights are safe we need some kind of system, Here the constitution jumps in.

Now what is Constitution?(just for revision)

Ans: Simply a constitution can be defined as, 

           'A set of rules and regulations for a country'

OR

A constitution is a set of rules and regulations made by the constituent assembly of any country for the particular country. Some countries have made their constitution purely rigid and some have made their's flexible too. so they can keep up with peoples aspirations.

Q3 What things does a constitution do?

Ans; First, constitution generates trust amongst the citizens to make sure that they feel safe about their rights.

Second, It specifie that how power will be distributed amongst the government.

Third, It gives the citizens their right to limit the powers of the government through the "Guardian of the Constitution".

Forth, It expresses the aspirations of the citizens.

Difficulties while making the Indian Constitution:

• The people of India were emerging from the status of subjects to that of the citizens
• As India was born through partition on the basis of religion. This was traumatic for the people of India and Pakistan.
• At least 10 lakh people were killed 
• The british told the rulers of the princely states that it is upto them whether they want to join India,Pakistan or stay Independent.After a lot of effort by VALLABHAI PATEL  all the princely states joined India

In 1931, at karachi session of the Indian National Congress members dwelt on how the constitution should look like.

Are, The principles of the Indian Constitution Blended?

Ans: Yes after years of struggle for independence the leaders took some ideals from some foreign countries like:

1. The practice of Parliament from Britain

2. Bill of Rights from U.S.A

3. Ideas from the french revolution and the Russian Revolution.

Why do we celebrate Republic Day?

Ans: The first meeting to the constituent assembly was held back in December 1946 but after some time India became independent and Pakistan was born then the Assembly was divided too. The Assembly adopted the constitution on 26 November 1946 but it came into effect on 26 January 1950 and that's why we celebrate  Republic Day.

Important Points::::

• Father of the Indian Constitution: Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar
• First President of the constituent assembly: DR. Sachidanand Sinha

President of the Constituent assembly: Dr. Rajendra Prasad

Principles of the Indian Constitution:

• Sovereign
• Socialist
• Secular
• Republic
• Justice
• Liberty
• Equality
• Fraternity.

These were the notes for the chapter Constitutional Design,If you think that we missed some points please let us know in the comments. And please feel free to ask any question regarding this chapter. Questions will be posted soon.

Thank You

-AZ Academy Studies